The fish is an ancient symbol of the Christian religion. It is believed to have came about in regards to Jesus Christ's desire that his followers go out "as fishers of men." It is also used to represent the Greek word ichthus (fish) which could be read as a acronym for the Greek word that mean "Jesus Christ, God's son, savior."
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The symbol XP is called "Chi-Rho." It stands for the first two letters of Jesus Christ name in Greek. It is also the base for the abbreviation of Christmas as Xmas.
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Guido of Arezzo, a Benedictine monk, came up with a method for teaching monks to learn chants correctly in a short amount of time and became famous throughout north Italy quickly.